The concept of "the four traits" originates from the ancient theory of the Four Temperaments, a foundational model in early psychology and medicine. Developed by Greek physicians like Hippocrates and later refined by Galen, this framework categorizes human personalities into four distinct types based on bodily humors.
The Four Temperaments
1. Sanguine
Associated humor: Blood
Traits: Sociable, enthusiastic, talkative, lively, and pleasure-seeking.
Sanguine individuals are often seen as the life of the party—optimistic and full of energy.
2. Choleric
Associated humor: Yellow bile
Traits: Ambitious, decisive, goal-oriented, and strong-willed.
Choleric people are natural leaders but may come across as domineering or impatient.
3. Melancholic
Associated humor: Black bile
Traits: Thoughtful, analytical, introverted, and perfectionistic.
Melancholics are deep thinkers who value quality and meaning, though they may struggle with pessimism.
4. Phlegmatic
Associated humor: Phlegm
Traits: Calm, reliable, patient, and easygoing.
Phlegmatic individuals are peacemakers who avoid conflict and maintain emotional stability.
While modern psychology has moved beyond the humoral theory, the Four Temperaments remain influential in literature, character development, and self-reflection tools. Many contemporary personality systems (like DISC or Myers-Briggs) echo aspects of this ancient model.